站長(zhǎng)資訊網(wǎng)Nginx（發(fā)音為Engine x）是一個(gè)免費(fèi)的，開(kāi)源的，高性能，可擴(kuò)展，可靠，功能齊全且流行的HTTP和反向代理服務(wù)器，郵件代理服務(wù)器和通用TCP/UDP代理服務(wù)器。
Nginx以其簡(jiǎn)單的配置和低資源消耗而聞名，因?yàn)樗哂懈咝阅埽挥糜跒閃eb上的幾個(gè)高流量站點(diǎn)供電，例如GitHub，SoundCloud，Dropbox，Netflix，WordPress等等。
在本指南中，我們將介紹一些最常用的Nginx服務(wù)管理命令，作為開(kāi)發(fā)人員或系統(tǒng)管理員，您應(yīng)該隨意使用。 我們將顯示Systemd和SysVinit的命令。
以下所有Nginx流行命令列表必須以root或sudo用戶身份執(zhí)行，并且應(yīng)該適用于任何現(xiàn)代Linux發(fā)行版，如CentOS，RHEL，Debian，Ubuntu和Fedora。
安裝Nginx服務(wù)器
要安裝Nginx Web服務(wù)器，請(qǐng)使用默認(rèn)的分發(fā)包管理器，如下所示。
$ sudo yum install epel-release && yum install nginx [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo dnf install nginx [On Debian/Ubuntu]
$ sudo apt install nginx [On Fedora]
檢查Nginx版本
要檢查L(zhǎng)inux系統(tǒng)上安裝的Nginx Web服務(wù)器的版本，請(qǐng)運(yùn)行以下命令。
$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
上面的命令只顯示版本號(hào)。 如果要查看版本并配置選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)使用-V標(biāo)志，如圖所示。
$ nginx -V
顯示Nginx，編譯器和配置參數(shù)
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: –prefix=/usr/share/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi –pid-path=/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-file-aio –with-ipv6 –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_v2_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_addition_module –with-http_xslt_module=dynamic –with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic –with-http_geoip_module=dynamic –with-http_sub_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_mp4_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_secure_link_module –with-http_degradation_module –with-http_slice_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_perl_module=dynamic –with-mail=dynamic –with-mail_ssl_module –with-pcre –with-pcre-jit –with-stream=dynamic –with-stream_ssl_module –with-google_perftools_module –with-debug –with-cc-opt=’-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong –param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/RedHat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic’ –with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E’
檢查Nginx配置語(yǔ)法
在實(shí)際啟動(dòng)Nginx服務(wù)之前，您可以檢查其配置語(yǔ)法是否正確。 如果您已對(duì)現(xiàn)有配置結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了更改或添加了新配置，則此功能尤其有用。
要測(cè)試Nginx配置，請(qǐng)運(yùn)行以下命令。
$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
您可以測(cè)試Nginx配置，轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ)它并使用-T標(biāo)志退出，如圖所示。
$ sudo nginx -T
顯示Nginx配置設(shè)置
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” “$http_x_forwarded_for”‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
….
啟動(dòng)Nginx服務(wù)
要啟動(dòng)Nginx服務(wù)，請(qǐng)運(yùn)行以下命令。 請(qǐng)注意，如果配置語(yǔ)法不正確，此過(guò)程可能會(huì)失敗。
$ sudo systemctl start nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx start #sysvinit
啟用Nginx服務(wù)
上一個(gè)命令僅在此期間啟動(dòng)服務(wù)，要在啟動(dòng)時(shí)啟用它自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)，請(qǐng)運(yùn)行以下命令。
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx enable #sysv init
重啟Nginx服務(wù)
要重新啟動(dòng)Nginx服務(wù)，將停止然后啟動(dòng)該服務(wù)的操作。
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx restart #sysv init
查看Nginx服務(wù)狀態(tài)
您可以按如下方式檢查Nginx服務(wù)的狀態(tài)。 此命令顯示有關(guān)服務(wù)的運(yùn)行時(shí)狀態(tài)信息。
$ sudo systemctl status nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx status #sysvinit
顯示Nginx狀態(tài)信息
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service – The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-05 05:27:15 EST; 2min 59s ago
Main PID: 31515 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─31515 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
└─31516 nginx: worker process
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server…
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com nginx[31509]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com nginx[31509]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
重新加載Nginx服務(wù)
要告訴Nginx重新加載其配置，請(qǐng)使用以下命令。
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx reload #sysvinit
停止Nginx服務(wù)
如果您想出于一次性原因而停止Nginx服務(wù)，請(qǐng)使用以下命令。
顯示Nginx命令幫助
要獲得所有Nginx命令和選項(xiàng)的簡(jiǎn)單參考指南，請(qǐng)使用以下命令。
$ systemctl -h nginx
Nginx幫助命令和選項(xiàng)
systemctl [OPTIONS…] {COMMAND} …
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.
-h –help Show this help
–version Show package version
–system Connect to system manager
-H –host=[USER@]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M –machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t –type=TYPE List units of a particular type
–state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
-p –property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a –all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the ‘list-unit-files’ command instead.
-l –full Don’t ellipsize unit names on output
-r –recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
–reverse Show reverse dependencies with ‘list-dependencies’
–job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a new job
–show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i –ignore-inhibitors
…
就這樣了！ 在本指南中，我們已經(jīng)解釋了一些您應(yīng)該知道的最常用的Nginx服務(wù)管理命令，包括啟動(dòng)，啟用，重新啟動(dòng)和停止Nginx。 如果您有任何要求或要求提出的問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)使用下面的反饋表。
如何在CentOS Linux 7.5上安裝Nginx http://m.gmnon.cn/Linux/2018-05/152399.htm
在Ubuntu 18.04上安裝帶有Nginx，MariaDB 10和PHP 7的WordPress http://m.gmnon.cn/Linux/2019-03/157315.htm
